What Is a Vehicle as a Weapon Attack?

Vehicle crashes are common and often result in tragic outcomes. In 2020 alone, there were over 42,000 fatal vehicle crashes in the U.S., averaging more than 115 per day. While most are accidents, some are intentional acts of violence known as vehicle-as-a-weapon (VAW) attacks. These occur when a person uses a vehicle to harm others, either randomly or as part of a targeted attack.

The Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI) reports that vehicle-ramming attacks are the most common type of vehicle-borne attack in the U.S. One of the deadliest examples occurred in Nice, France, in 2016, when a driver plowed into a crowd, killing 86 people. VAW attacks can also damage buildings or disrupt operations, making them a serious threat.

How to Prevent Vehicle Attacks

To protect against VAW attacks, architects, engineers, and facility owners should implement hostile vehicle mitigation (HVM) strategies. Two main approaches include campus design and physical barriers.

• Campus Design: Designing roads with curves or sharp turns can limit vehicle speed, reducing the risk of ramming. This is ideal for new developments but should be combined with additional security measures.
• Physical Barriers: Installing bollards, crash fences, or anti-ram gates is a popular choice. These barriers are designed to stop vehicles, even at high speeds, and can be used in both new and existing structures.

While these measures may not stop determined attackers, they significantly increase safety by slowing or stopping potential threats.

What Are Hostile Vehicle Mitigation Barriers?

Physical barriers are essential in preventing VAW attacks. Known as hostile vehicle mitigation (HVM) barriers, they are designed to withstand the force of a moving vehicle. An average SUV weighs around 5,000 pounds, and a larger vehicle like a semi-truck can exert massive force. HVM barriers must be strong enough to absorb or redirect this energy.

You may have seen HVM barriers on campuses, government buildings, or public spaces. They often look like decorative bollards or are integrated into the landscape. Private facilities may use more visible barriers like fences or anti-ram gates to control access.

How Are Vehicle Security Barriers Tested?

HVM barriers undergo rigorous testing to ensure they meet specific standards. Key ratings include:

• US DOS/DOD K: Although no longer official, K ratings indicate a barrier’s ability to stop a 15,000 lb vehicle at 30, 40, or 50 mph.
• ASTM F 2656: A U.S. standard that provides detailed information on a barrier’s performance against impacts.
• BSI PAS 68: A British standard commonly used in the UK to evaluate HVM products.
• IWA 14: A global standard that outlines impact performance requirements for vehicle barriers.

Understanding these ratings helps in selecting the right barrier for your needs.

Types of Vehicle Mitigation Barriers

HVM barriers fall into two categories: active and passive. Active barriers deploy when needed, while passive ones remain in place permanently. Common types include:

• Active Barriers: Examples include drop-arm crash beams that block access points and retract when authorized entry is granted.
• Passive Barriers: These include bollards, walls, and fences that provide continuous protection.

Many properties benefit from a combination of both types. Let's explore some of the most effective options available.

1. Crash-Rated Planters

These planters are designed to look like regular landscaping features but offer robust security. The Universal Slimline Planter 40 from TYMETAL can stop a 7.5 metric ton vehicle traveling at 40 mph. It blends seamlessly into the environment while providing critical protection.

2. Crash Beams

Drop-arm crash beams are ideal for access points. Made from durable materials like aluminum and steel, they are anchored in concrete. TYMETAL offers models rated for speeds up to 50 mph, with options for manual, hydraulic, or electro-mechanical operation.

View Our Crash Beams

3. Bollards

Bollards are cylindrical posts that allow pedestrian access while blocking vehicles. They come in removable and fixed varieties, with some designed to flex slightly upon impact. TYMETAL’s shallow-mount bollards are easy to install and can stop a 16,534 lb vehicle at 50 mph.

View Our Crash Bollards

4. Fences

Crash-rated fences are designed to stop vehicles rather than just people. They are often installed alongside existing perimeter fencing. TYMETAL’s fences can stop a vehicle up to 15,000 lbs traveling at 50 mph, offering an extra layer of security.

View Our Crash Fences

5. Gates

Anti-ram gates are crucial for securing access points. TYMETAL offers various types, including cantilever slide gates, overhead slide gates, and swing gates. These gates are designed to withstand vehicle impacts and provide reliable protection.

View Our Crash Gates

HVM Applications

HVM barriers are used in a wide range of facilities, including airports, government buildings, schools, data centers, and public spaces. Any location looking to enhance its security against potential threats can benefit from these barriers.

Choose TYMETAL for Your Next HVM Product

If you're looking to improve your property's security, partner with TYMETAL. With decades of experience and a commitment to innovation, we offer top-tier HVM solutions. Contact us today to learn more about how we can help protect your facility. Call us at 888-978-GATE (4283) or fill out our online form.