Nordberg GP Cone Crusher Parts
BoDaJingShen machinery can manufacture numerous models of cone crusher spare parts which mainly including cone crusher concave and mantles etc.
The materials of cone crusher concave,BoDaJingShen machinery use the Hadifield-steel,Like Mn14Cr2, Mn18Cr2, Mn20Cr2, Mn22Cr2, to ensure the wear resistance. After the modification treatment, Combining with the special processing techniques, concave and mantle have a service life 30~50% longer than those made of traditional materials.Favored by customers.
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Global warming has become a critical environmental issue, prompting the need for effective mitigation strategies. One promising approach is carbon dioxide (CO2) geological storage, which aims to reduce atmospheric CO2 levels and mitigate the greenhouse effect. Among potential storage sites, deep saline aquifers are considered ideal due to their vast capacity and widespread distribution. However, risks such as leakage due to natural fractures, faults, and stress field changes during injection remain a concern. Real-time monitoring of CO2 migration, including tracking its movement and front propagation, is essential for ensuring safe and efficient storage.
To address this challenge, researchers at the Wuhan Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, have pioneered the use of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors to monitor CO2 displacement in real time. This study focuses on supercritical CO2 (scCO2), which exhibits unique properties under high pressure and temperature. The experimental setup involved a core displacement gripper capable of operating at 50 MPa and 60°C, successfully simulating scCO2 conditions (31.1°C, 7.38 MPa). Two FBG sensors were embedded along the axial direction of a red sandstone sample from the Sichuan Basin, allowing for precise strain measurements.
The results showed that the dynamic strain response of the core surface was linearly correlated with injection pressure. At higher temperatures, such as 45°C, the strain response was slightly greater than at 20°C, likely due to thermal expansion effects. The three gratings, positioned at the top, middle, and bottom of the core, captured variations in the internal stress field induced by CO2 injection, leading to distinct initial strain time differences. These differences varied depending on temperature and pressure conditions. For example, when the injection pressure was 2 MPa and confining pressure was 10 MPa, the maximum time difference was 0.5 seconds. When the pore pressure increased to 8 MPa at 20°C with a confining pressure of 16 MPa, the time difference rose to 1.3 seconds.
The study also revealed that the migration velocity of CO2 differs based on its phase: gaseous CO2 (gCO2) moved fastest, followed by supercritical CO2 (scCO2), while liquid CO2 (lqCO2) was the slowest. These findings suggest that FBG technology can effectively track CO2 movement and detect the leading edge, offering valuable insights for leakage monitoring at storage sites. Additionally, simulations using COMML software confirmed the accuracy of the experimental data, reinforcing the reliability of the FBG monitoring method.
This research, published in *Greenhouse Gases: Science and Technology*, was led by Fan Chengkai, a graduate student at the Wuhan Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, with Li Qi as the researcher. The project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Sino-Australian Carbon Dioxide Geological Storage (CAGS3) initiative. The study marks a significant advancement in real-time CO2 monitoring, paving the way for safer and more effective carbon storage solutions.