Understanding the chemical composition of SAE 1045 steel is essential, as it directly influences its mechanical properties. The table below provides a detailed overview of its chemical makeup.
Table of contents
- SAE 1045 Steel Chemical Composition
- ASTM 1045 Weldability
- Mechanical Property of AISI 1045 Steel Cold Drawn
- Heat Treatment of DIN 1.1191
- 1045 Steel vs 4140 Steel
- 1045 Quenched and Tempered Steel properties
- AISI 1045 Equivalent Grades
- Thermal Properties of SAE 1045
- Tolerance of AISI 1045 Carbon Steel
- Ck45 Steel Annealing
- Quality Certification of Steel 1045
- AISI 1045 Corrosion Resistance
- Electrical Properties of JIS S45C Steel
- Applications of SAE 1045 Steel
SAE 1045 Steel Chemical Composition
| Grade |
C |
Si |
Mn |
P |
S |
| 1045 |
0.43-0.50 |
0.15-0.35 |
0.60-0.90 |
≤0.04 |
≤0.05 |
AISI 1045 Offers Good Weldability, Machinability and High Strength
AISI 1045 steel is known for its excellent weldability, making it ideal for creating strong, durable joints that can withstand structural stress. This makes it suitable for applications where strength and safety are crucial.
Its good machinability allows for efficient cutting with minimal tool wear, resulting in high-quality surface finishes and tight tolerances. This leads to faster production times and lower manufacturing costs.
Additionally, the material’s high strength ensures long-lasting performance under heavy loads and harsh environmental conditions, making it a popular choice in construction and industrial settings.
AWS 1045 Weldability
| Aspect |
Details |
| Welding Conditions |
AISI 1045 is readily welded with the correct procedure |
| Electrodes |
Use low hydrogen electrodes. |
| Pre-heating |
Pre-heat workpiece to 200°C – 300°C (392°F – 572°F). |
| Welding Temperature |
Maintain pre-heat temperature during welding. |
| Cooling |
Cool slowly using sand or ashes to control the cooling rate. |
| Stress Relief |
Perform stress relief at 550°C – 660°C (1022°F – 1220°F). |
Mechanical Properties of AISI 1045 Cold Drawn Steel
| Mechanical Properties |
Hardness, (Brinell hardness) |
Hardness, Brinell |
Hardness, Rockwell B (Brinell hardness) |
Hardness, Vickers ( Brinell hardness) |
Tensile Strength, Yield |
Tensile Strength, Ultimate |
Elongation at Break (in 50 mm) |
Reduction of Area |
Poissons Ratio (Typical For Steel) |
Modulus of Elasticity (Typical for steel) |
Bulk Modulus (Typical for steel) |
Shear Modulus (Typical for steel) |
| Metric |
184 |
163 |
84 |
170 |
310 MPa |
565 MPa |
16.00% |
40.00% |
0.29 |
200 GPa |
140 GPa |
80 GPa |
| Imperial |
184 |
163 |
84 |
170 |
45000 psi |
81900 psi |
16.00% |
40.00% |
0.29 |
29000 ksi |
20300 ksi |
11600 ksi |
DIN 1.1191 Material Are Generally Available in Black Hot Rolled or Normalized Conditions
Normalizing improves the material's structure and properties by refining the grain, reducing internal stresses, and enhancing machinability. It is often used to prepare the material for further processing or final use.
Heat Treatment of DIN 1.1191
| Process |
Heating Temperature |
Cooling Method |
| Forging |
850°C – 1250°C (1562°F – 2282°F) |
Cool in a furnace |
| Annealing |
800°C – 850°C (1472°F – 1562°F) |
Cool in a furnace |
| Normalizing |
870°C – 920°C (1598°F – 1688°F) |
Cool in still air |
| Stress-Relieving |
550°C – 660°C (1022°F – 1220°F) |
Cool in still air |
| Hardening |
820°C – 850°C (1508°F – 1562°F) |
Quench in water or brine |
| Tempering |
400°C – 650°C (752°F – 1202°F) |
Cool in still air |
1045 Steel vs 4140 Steel
| Property |
1045 Steel |
4140 Steel |
| Type |
Carbon steel |
Alloy steel |
| Carbon Content |
0.43-0.50% |
0.40% |
| Manganese Content |
0.60-0.90% |
0.75-1.00% |
| Chromium |
None |
Present |
| Molybdenum |
None |
Present |
| Iron (Fe) |
98.51-98.98% |
96.79-97.78% |
| Phosphorus (P, max) |
0.04% |
0.035% |
| Sulfur (S, max) |
0.05% |
0.040% |
| Strength |
Good strength and impact resistance |
Superior hardness and toughness |
| Common Uses |
Machinery parts, automotive components |
Axles, gears, shafts |
| Characteristics |
Moderate hardness and strength |
Enhanced wear resistance and toughness |
1045 Quenched and Tempered Steel Properties
| Section size mm |
up to 16mm |
17-44 mm |
41-100 mm |
| Tensile strength Mpa |
700-850 |
|650-800 |
630-780 |
| Yield strength Mpa |
500 |
430 |
370 |
| Impact Charpy |
30 |
30 |
30 |
| Elongationin 50mm % |
14 |
16 |
7 |
| Hardness HB |
210-245 |
195-235 |
|185-230 |
Equivalent Grades of AISI 1045
The following table shows equivalent grades of AISI 1045 across different international standards, which can help in identifying similar materials when working with global suppliers or specifications.
AISI 1045 Equivalent Grades
| Country |
USA |
British |
Japan |
Australia |
| Standard |
ASTM A29 |
EN 10083-2 |
JIS G051 |
AS 1442 |
| Grades |
1045 |
C45/1.1191 |
S45C |
1045 |
Thermal Properties of SAE 1045
| Properties |
Metric |
Imperial |
| Thermal conductivity |
51.9 W/mK |
360 BTU in/hr.ft².°F |
| Thermal expansion co-efficient (@0.000-100°C/32-212°F) |
11.2 µm/m°C |
6.22 µm/m°C |
Tolerance of AISI 1045 Carbon Steel
| Surface Finish |
Black-Forged |
Turned |
Black-Rolled |
Peeled |
Grinding |
Polished |
Cold Drawn |
| Tolerance |
(0，+5mm) |
(0，+3mm) |
(0，+1mm) |
Best H11 |
Best h9 |
Best h11 |
Best H11 |
Annealing of Ck45 Steel
Annealing is commonly used to soften Ck45 steel and improve its machinability. The process typically involves heating the material to a specific temperature and allowing it to cool gradually to achieve the desired mechanical properties.
| Aspect |
Details |
| Purpose of Annealing |
Softens surface hardness for improved machinability |
| Annealing Temperature |
820°C to 840°C |
| Holding Time |
Sufficient time at annealing temperature |
| Measured Surface Hardness |
Typically below 200 HBW (Brinell Hardness) |
Quality Certification of AISI 1045 Steel
- Chemical analysis
- Ultrasonic test report
- Non Metallic Inclusion
- Heat Treatment Process
- Mechanical properties
- Surface hardness
- Grain size
- Forging ratio
AISI 1045 Corrosion Resistance
While AISI 1045 offers good mechanical properties, it has limited corrosion resistance. It is prone to rust and degradation in moist or acidic environments. To enhance its durability, protective coatings or treatments are often applied.
| Feature |
1045 Steel |
| Primary Composition |
0.45% Carbon, Iron |
| Corrosion Resistance |
Low |
| Protective Layer |
Does not form a protective chromium oxide layer |
| Exposure to Harsh Environments |
Prone to rust and corrosion in salt water, acids, and bases |
| Maintenance Requirements |
Requires coating or treatment for better resistance |
| Typical Applications |
Structural components, machinery, automotive parts |
Electrical Properties of JIS S45C Steel
| Electrical Properties |
Metric |
English |
Comments |
| Electrical Resistivity |
0.0000162 ohm-cm
Temperature 0.000 °C |
0.0000162 ohm-cm
Temperature 32.0 °F |
annealed specimen |
0.0000223 ohm-cm
Temperature 100 °C |
0.0000223 ohm-cm
Temperature 212 °F |
annealed specimen |
Applications of SAE 1045 Steel
| Pins |
Gears |
Rams |
| Ratchets |
Bolts |
Light gears |
| Rolls |
Shafts |
Sockets |
| Spindles |
Axles |
Worms |
| Crankshafts |
Studs |
Guide rods |
| Torsion bars |
Connecting rods |
Hydraulic clamps |
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