The rim is commonly a metal extrusion that is butted into itself to form a hoop, though may also be a structure of carbon fiber composite, and was historically made of wood. Some wheels use both an aerodynamic carbon hoop bonded to an aluminum rim on which to mount conventional bicycle tires.
Metallic bicycle rims are now normally made of aluminium alloy, although until the 1980s most bicycle rims - with the exception of those used on racing bicycles - were made of steel[8] and thermoplastic. Bicycle Rim, Bicycle Wheel Rim, Mountain Bike Rim, Bicycle Tire Rim Hangzhou Datasports Equipment Co.,Ltd(Oembicycle) , http://www.oembicycle.com
Wenzhou Packaging, which has hosted 30 years of development, followed the national titles of “China Packaging Machinery Cityâ€, “China Printing Cityâ€, “China Plastic Capitalâ€, “China Plastic and Rubber City†and “China Food and Pharmaceutical Machinery Industry Baseâ€. After the gold business card of "Zhejiang Packaging Industry Base", it will also have the "Chinese Packaging Famous Market" gold label.
In 1982, the total output value of the packaging industry in Wenzhou was 43.74 million yuan
On December 1, 1982, the Wenzhou Packaging Technology Association, the predecessor of the Wenzhou Packaging Federation, was established.
At the beginning of the establishment of the Municipal Packaging Technology Association, the first and second president of the Packaging Technology Association of Wenzhou City, Xu Shicun, who was nearly 80 years old, was another deputy director of the Economic Committee of Wenzhou City, and a government official who was also the president of Wenzhou. The Municipal Packaging Technology Association enjoyed government subsidies at that time.
Xu Shicun said that in the 1980s, Wenzhou's packaging companies basically belonged to "small, chaotic, scattered" enterprises, there were no large companies, and there were no famous brand companies, let alone automated EQUIPMENT. The production of paper packaging depends entirely on manual paper-laying by workers, and not only is the completion slow and the quality is not good. According to statistics, in 1982, the total output value of the packaging industry in Wenzhou was 43.74 million yuan.
Hand-laid paper has continued until 1989 Wenzhou's first single-faced machine shop. Subsequently, the fully automatic paper cutting machine produced by the Wenzhou Printing Machine Factory, the baler and the binding machine of the Wenzhou Packaging Machinery Plant were all the rage; the stamp printing machine of the Wenzhou Shenli Group (former Wenzhou Lucheng Printing Factory) broke the import-dependent situation. It fills the blank in our country; the Chunhua brand sealing machine and vacuum packaging machine series products are sold at home and abroad. Wenzhou packaging has emerged in the national packaging industry.
Zhang Leshan, the third president of the Packaging Association of Wenzhou City, said that since the 1990s, the Municipal Packaging Technology Association has been decoupled from the government. The leaders of the association have been transformed from former government agencies to entrepreneurs, and they have escaped the shackles of the planned economy. On the path of rapid development.
From workshop-type processing to large-scale production
As in most parts of the country, most of Wenzhou's manufacturing industry belongs to the labor-intensive light industry, which was developed at the beginning of the reform and opening up by the family workshop factory. Wenzhou packaging is no exception. The packaging companies in Wenzhou, including the current Dongjing and Sanhe, are gradually becoming the leaders in the packaging industry in Wenzhou from the little-known workshop-style small factories.
Today, there are many cases of large-scale production of enterprises. Zhejiang Zhongshen Board Co., Ltd.'s high-strength corrugated honeycomb paperboard received 3 new patents and was rated as high-quality packaging products. China Beverly Packaging and Printing Company has continuously introduced world-class equipment from abroad to enhance its production capacity. In 2011, the output value exceeded 400 million yuan. Lida Packaging Co., Ltd. has developed into one of the professional manufacturers of ACCESSORIES for the domestic tobacco industry. Pingyang's plastic packaging is the only country in the plastic packaging industry that has been rated "China's County Industrial Cluster Competitiveness is Top 100."
Pingyang Plastic Packaging Industry Association Lin Chengwei said: "From the workshop-type processing to large-scale production, plastic packaging now in Pingyang for a total of 67,000 people to solve employment." Plastic packaging has become the pillar industry in Pingyang. It is understood that at present, the total output value of plastic packaging industry is about 100 billion yuan.
Automation equipment has undergone several upgrades
After entering large-scale production, in the face of increasing demand for packaging and printing, more than 2,700 packaging and printing companies in Wenzhou have raised the level of automation of their equipment.
From 2010 to 2011 alone, Wenzhou had introduced more than 100 Taiwan-based prepress and postpress automation high-end equipment. These equipments are expensive, ranging from several hundred thousand yuan to as much as two to three million yuan. The commissioning of these equipments has injected new vitality into the development of the printing industry in Wenzhou, and has played a positive role in realizing the automation of the printing industry in Wenzhou.
3 million yuan, 10 million yuan and 20 million yuan. From 2003 to 2011, the production line of Zhejiang Sanhe Packaging Co., Ltd. experienced the "replacement of the Three Kingdoms," and it made a qualitative leap in automation, refinement, and production capacity. The company's general manager Huang Wenjie introduced that from the level of equipment updates, it is not difficult to see the changes in the packaging industry in Wenzhou. From manual operation to full automation now, Wenzhou's packaging industry has developed rapidly in a short time. With the continuous production of equipment, companies have tasted the sweetness of introducing automation equipment. As a result, they have driven the sales of high-end equipment in Shanghai and Taiwan in Wenzhou, and the industry chain of the packaging industry has been improved.
Perfect industrial chain promotes rapid development
In May 2012, at the world’s largest four-year drupa international printing and paper industry exhibition in Germany, more than 100 representatives of Wenzhou Packaging Machinery Delegation and more than a dozen Wenzhou machinery companies made their appearances in the country. Even mechanical companies all over the world are admiring.
According to Jiang Defu, executive chairman of the Wenzhou Packaging Federation and chairman of Hualian Machinery Group Co., Ltd., Wenzhou is a “printing city in China.†However, the meager profits, rising prices of raw materials, salaries, and freight rates have made the printing industry difficult to develop. But in recent years, the development of packaging machinery has been gratifying, and the perfect industrial chain is the reason for its rapid development.
“A packaging machine needs hundreds of accessories. If you rely on the processing capabilities of your own company, production will certainly be slow. In Wenzhou, when several companies and even dozens of companies are put into production at the same time, and then the products are assembled, the speed advantage is obvious. "Jiang Defu said.
An overseas business gentleman smiled and went to the field before he began to have a headache. He could not find a complete spare parts processing plant. He said that in Wenzhou, it takes only one phone call to get any product. After moving the company to other places, it really felt the spirit of mutual assistance and cooperation of Wenzhou people.
Jin Puguang, secretary general of the Ruian City Machinery and Electronics Industry Association in Zhejiang Province, said that Wenzhou's packaging machinery industry is located in Ruian, Bohai, Lucheng, Longwan and Hepingyang. After 20 years of development, it has developed printing and packaging machinery. , plastic packaging machinery, pharmaceutical packaging machinery and food packaging machinery and other categories, the product development of four major categories of products, including aluminum-plastic packaging machine, creasing machine, paper cutting machine sales accounted for more than 50% of the country to become the national packaging machinery Product important production and sales base.
Jiang Defu said that although the industry chain has great advantages, the technical capabilities of Wenzhou's packaging machinery are still not competitive.
Packaging into millions of households
There is a big market for good technology. According to statistics, Swiss packaging costs US$319 per person, and the second-largest American in the US consumes US$260 in packaging. In China, paper packaging materials account for about 40% of total packaging materials. From the perspective of development trends, the amount of packaging will increase.
Jiang Mengyou, president of the Wenzhou Packaging Federation and president of the East Economics Holding Co., Ltd., said that at the beginning of packaging in Wenzhou, packaging has not really entered thousands of households. Mid-Autumn moon cakes, shopping bags and other products are not so-called luxury packaging, a square of oil paper, and then take a rope, you can take advantage of the door. With the improvement of people's living standards, there has been an aesthetic pursuit of the corresponding packaging products. Oiled paper was quickly abandoned by young people who were pursuing fashion, and replaced by more and more styles and increasingly beautiful designs.
Lin Shuling, secretary general of the Wenzhou Packaging Federation, said that in the streets and alleys, as long as it is used by our daily use, there are basically packages. With the implementation of the "plastic limit order", paper packaging seems to occupy an increasingly important position. “Twenty to thirty years ago, everyone did not attach importance to packaging. Now, everyone likes packaging. Of course, the packaging requirements have become more and more stringent, not only to be beautiful, but also environmental protection.†Lin Shuling said.
To this end, Wenzhou's packaging companies have begun a new round of thinking, to the development of versatility. At present, E&C Holdings Co., Ltd. has taken the lead in establishing the China Paper Packaging Technology Promotion and R&D Center, the Zhejiang Paper Product Technology R&D Center, and the Wenzhou Enterprise Technology Center and the Packaging Materials Research Center. Likud Packaging Co., Ltd. and Jinshi Packaging Co., Ltd. also founded Zhejiang respectively. Provincial Technology Research and Development Center.
Functional packaging such as moisture proofing, preservation, sterilization and antisepsis was born in Wenzhou Packaging. Lin Shuling introduced that there are more than 2,000 paper product packaging companies in the city, including corrugated board manufacturers and carton carton processing. The total output value in 2011 was about 7 billion yuan, accounting for about 12% of the city's total packaging industry. Wenzhou paper packaging market mainly provides electrical appliances, shoe leather, clothing, automobile and motorcycle accessories, chemicals, light industry and other industries to provide supporting services.
Forming cluster type packaging industry base
Today, Wenzhou Packaging, which has hosted 30 years of history, has increased the number of enterprises from nearly 1982 in 1982 to more than 5,000 now, and the total output value of the packaging industry has increased from 43.74 million yuan to 61 billion yuan in 2011, accounting for Zhejiang Province. 40% of total packaging value. Industrial output increased by 1,386 times in 30 years. Among them, there are more than 1,300 packaging companies in the city, accounting for 8.22% of the city's total industrial output value.
Now, it is relying on Wenzhou's local shoes, electrical appliances, automobile and motorcycle accessories, glasses, valves and other industries to grow even stronger. According to Jiang Mengyou, Wenzhou Packaging has gradually formed a complete packaging industry system including packaging machinery, packaging and printing, plastic packaging, packaging materials and paper products from a decentralized auxiliary industry, not only bearing 707.361 billion yuan of industrial products in the city. The packaging task provided packaging services for 18.166 billion U.S. dollars for export commodities, and also provided packaging for a variety of seafood, food, and other agricultural products, involving more than 40 industries.
According to incomplete statistics, at present, Wenzhou's packaging industry has a total of 36 technology research and development centers above the municipal level, 35 high-tech companies, 14 state-level torch plans, technological innovations, and national support projects, and 32 provincial-level technological innovation projects. More than 300 patents.
Rims designed for use with rim brakes provide a smooth parallel braking surface, while rims meant for use with disc brakes or hub brakes sometimes lack this surface.
The Westwood pattern rim was one of the first rim designs, and rod-actuated brakes, which press against the inside surface of the rim were designed for this rim. These rims cannot be used with caliper rim brakes.
The cross-section of a rim can have a wide range of geometry, each optimized for particular performance goals. Aerodynamics, mass and inertia, stiffness, durability, tubeless tire compatibility, brake compatibility, and cost are all considerations. If the part of the cross-section of the rim is hollow where the spokes attached, as in the Sprint rim pictured, it is described as box-section or double-wall to distinguish it from single-wall rims such as the West wood rim pictured.[9] The double wall can make the rim stiffer. Triple-wall rims have additional reinforcement inside the box-section.
Aluminum rims are often reinforced with either single eyelets or double eyelets to distribute the stress of the spoke. A single eyelet reinforces the spoke hole much like a hollow rivet. A double eyelet is a cup that is riveted into both walls of a double-walled rim.
In the past few months, Wenzhou Packaging Federation's application for "China's packaging market" is being submitted step by step.