A nickel sulphide deposit produced nearly 300,000 tons of tailings during the beneficiation process. Although the nickel-containing tailings low, but the use of magnetic separation can be obtained nickel sulfide ore and low magnesium containing. At present, there are methods such as pyrometallurgical smelting, pressure leaching, atmospheric pressure leaching, roasting-acid leaching, bioleaching, acid direct leaching, etc., such as fire smelting and pressure treatment, which have been successfully applied in domestic and foreign countries. Nickel smelter. It is not only of great economic significance to study the comprehensive recovery of nickel in the mine, but also in line with China's current industrial policy of vigorously promoting the recycling of available waste.

First, raw materials and processes

(1) Analysis of raw materials

This material nickel sulfide from a mine, after diffraction analysis, the mineral composition of the mine is relatively simple, the main magnetic metallic minerals iron ore, magnetic pentlandite, pyrite and the like; a large amount of gangue minerals quartz, A small amount of magnesium oxide or the like has the following main chemical components (%): Ni 0.15, Fe9.75, SiO 2 47.30, MgO 6.50, and S3.84.

(2) Process route

Since the tailings are magnetic, the nickel-containing sulfide concentrate can be obtained by magnetic selection using a drum magnetic separator, and 90% of the gangue can be discarded; the obtained concentrate has a low magnesium content, and the method of smelting is used at a low temperature. The smelting is carried out to obtain low ice nickel. The entire process route is shown in Figure 1.

Figure 1 Process

Second, the test process

(1) Magnetic separation process

Since the main metal minerals of the mine are magnetite, magnetic nickel pyrite, pyrite, etc., the gangue minerals mainly have a large amount of quartz, a small amount of magnesium oxide, etc., so the wet ball milling and magnetic separation methods can be discarded 90 % of gangue to obtain low nickel sulfide concentrate. The effect of magnetic separation strength on nickel yield was investigated. The results showed that when the magnetic separation strengths were (0e): 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500 and 3000, the recovery yield of nickel was (%): 50.47, 58.68, 70.36, 75.97 and 84.01. Through experiments, it is suitable to determine the magnetic separation strength of 2500 ~ 3000Oe, because the magnetic separation strength is increased again, due to the serious magnetic entrainment, the nickel content of the magnetic separation concentrate is reduced. The chemical composition of the low nickel sulfide concentrate obtained under the test conditions was (%): Ni 1.67, Fe 52.71, SiO 2 1.78, MgO 0.46, S 25.98. It can be seen that through beneficiation, the content of magnesium oxide in nickel sulfide ore is only 0.46%, which lays a foundation for subsequent low-temperature melting.

(2) Oxidation roasting process

Oxidation roasting is a widely used technology. Its roasting equipment includes rotary kiln, boiling furnace, etc. It has been widely used in non-ferrous metal pyrometallurgical smelters. In this paper, the low-nickel sulfide concentrate obtained by oxidative roasting magnetic separation is used to remove sulfur and make iron and nickel exist as oxides. The main reactions are as follows:

2NiS+3O 2 →2NiO+2SO 2 ↑ (1)

4FeS 2 +11O 2 →2Fe 2 O 3 +8SO 2 ↑ (2)

The main control parameters of roasting are: calcination temperature of 700 ~ 750 ° C, roasting time of 3 ~ 4h. Under this condition, the sulfur removal rate reached 94.61%.

(3) Mineral processing and smelting process

The low nickel sulfide concentrate obtained by magnetic separation is directly smelted due to the high content of nickel and low sulfur content. Although it is formulated with a slagging agent, the nickel content of the low ice nickel obtained is only 2.o% to 2.5%, and the enrichment factor is extremely high. Low, it can be said that there is no enrichment, because the sulfur is high, a large amount of iron enters the crucible with iron sulfide, and does not enter the slag. In order to increase the enrichment multiple, it is necessary to carry out ore smelting, that is, roasting ore and low nickel sulfide concentrate smelting.

The obtained low-nickel sulfide concentrate contains FeO in the calcined ore and the added fluxes CaO and SiO 2 have high melting points. Most of the FeO in the flotation concentrate and roasting participate in the slagging reaction to form a new silicate. The main related reactions are as follows:

2FeO+SiO 2 →2FeO·SiO 2 (3)

CaO+SiO 2 →CaO·SiO 2 (4)

MgO+SO 2 →MgO·SiO 2 (5)

The melting points of 2FeO·SiO 2 and FeO·CaO·2SiO 2 produced by the slagging reaction are greatly reduced.

In the ore-smelting process, the effects of melting temperature, melting time and flux ratio on nickel grade and nickel yield were tested. The results show that the melting temperature has a significant effect on the nickel grade and nickel yield. The melting time and flux ratio are nickel. The effect of grade and nickel yield is small.

The main control parameters of the smelting process: the ratio of calcined ore to low nickel sulfide concentrate is 2:1, the quartz ratio is 25% of the ore weight, the lime ratio is 10% of the ore weight, the melting temperature is 1350 °C, and the coke ratio is It is 3% of the ore weight and smelting time is 60 min. Under this condition, the low ice nickel product is 6.47% nickel, the slag contains 0.05% nickel, the enrichment ratio is 3.87 times, and the nickel yield is 97.90%.

Third, the conclusion

(1) According to the mineral composition and analysis of tailings, magnetic separation is used to achieve effective separation of nickel and gangue, which provides high-quality raw materials for subsequent ore smelting;

(2) Using low-ice nickel products by ore smelting to develop an economically viable technical route for the comprehensive utilization of tailings;

(3) The technical route is simple in process and convenient in operation, and the biggest feature is high nickel recovery rate.

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