The principle of iron replacement and its influencing factors

Since the standard potential of Fe ^{2 +} /Fe (-0.14 lV) is much lower than the standard potential of Cu ^{2 +} /Cu (0.330 V), iron can completely replace Cu ^{2 +} into Cu from solution. It should be noted that the theoretical iron consumption of this displacement reaction is only 0.88 kg ∕kgCu, which is quite different from the actual one, because:

First, the remaining acid in the leachate consumes iron

Fe+2H ⁺ Fe ^{2 +} +H ₂

2. The dissolved oxygen in the leachate causes the Fe ^{2 +} produced by the displacement reaction to continue to be oxidized to Fe ^{3 +} , and Fe ^{3 +} is reduced to Fe ^{2 +} by Fe, thus consuming a part of iron.

2H ⁺ +2Fe ^{2 +} + O ₂ 2Fe ^{3 +} +H ₂ O

2Fe ^{3 +} +Fe 3Fe ^{2 +}

3. Fe ^{3 +} can also oxidize the formed Cu to Cu ^{2 +} , increasing the consumption of iron.

2Fe ^{3 +} +Cu 2Fe ^{2 +} +Cu ^{2 +}

It can be seen from the above discussion that the main influencing factors of the method of replacing copper by iron are the acidity of the solution, the oxygen content in the solution, and the like; in addition, since the displacement reaction is carried out at the liquid-solid phase interface, the contact area (ie, iron) Specific surface area, contact time, etc. are also important factors.

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