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Luanchuan Molybdenum ore field Shangfanggou molybdenum mine is mainly associated large porphyry iron, sulfur and rhenium for comprehensive utilization (veinlets disseminated type) Molybdenum (iron) deposits, molybdenum metal reserves of 705 000 t The average grade is 0.134%, and the amount of iron metal is 5.268 million tons. The molybdenum ore more than 80% of hard stone dressing containing talc, the talc content is generally from 6% to 15%. Because talc is naturally more buoyant than molybdenite, over the years, many research institutes at home and abroad have failed to fundamentally solve talc by using pre-floating talc, anti-talc molybdenum or multi-opening flotation process. Technical problems in the grade and recovery rate of ore concentrates. When the talc content exceeds 8%, the recovery rate of ore dressing is only about 50% to 65%, and the consumption of chemicals is large, the utilization rate of return water is low, and the production cost is high. Although it has spent a lot of time trying to solve the technical problems of such ore selection, it has not achieved the desired results. Therefore, it is of great significance to study and formulate appropriate beneficiation processes and improve the selection index of the ore, which is comprehensive utilization of molybdenum resources and improvement of economic benefits.
Second, the nature of the ore
(1) Ore type
The natural types of ore in this mining area can be divided into four types: 1 altered carbonate type, with ore content accounting for 53.27%, mainly distributed on the bed part of the deposit; 2 horn type, ore volume accounting for 19.65%; 3 granite type, ore The amount accounted for 17.21%; 4 gabbro type, the ore volume accounted for 9.96%, of which the altered talc content of the altered carbonate type ore was the highest.
(2) Mineral composition
The main metal ore minerals are molybdenite, magnetite, pyrite, molybdenum scheelite, scheelite, pyrrhotite, yellow copper ore, sphalerite, molybdenum travertine, Chinese molybdenum, tungsten, and other Chinese ; gangue minerals are dolomite, diopside, quartz, mica, serpentine, chlorite, talc, actinolite, tremolite, calcite, feldspar, epidote, silicon swash brucite, magnesium Peridot, etc.
The mineral content of the ore samples based on altered carbonate rock ore is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Main mineral content in ore
(3) Main mineral inlay characteristics
1. Molybdenum ore
More than 95% of the molybdenum in the ore is in the form of molybdenum ore. More than 80% of the molybdenum ore is closely symbiotic with quartz, and some are adjacent. The maximum crystal size of molybdenite is 0.3mm, generally 0.15~0.01mm. The fine molybdenum ore of less than 0.01mm is surrounded by quartz, and its crystal is unevenly embedded, mainly composed of fine particles; molybdenum ore is produced in the form of flakes and scales, and a few molybdenites are combined with talc and magnetite. Symbiotic, adjacent, wrapped relationship.
2, magnetite
Magnetite is the main iron-bearing mineral in ore. It is produced in the form of granular, dense block and microcrystalline aggregates. It is mainly symbiotic with talc and quartz. The particle size is generally 0.35~0.01mm, which is unevenly embedded. It is mainly composed of fine particles and fine particles; the degree of crystallization of magnetite is poor, and gangue minerals exist in magnetite in the form of intercalation, cutting, and inlay.
3. Pyrite
Pyrite is mainly symbiotic with talc, quartz and other gangues. The particle size is generally 0.5-0.1 mm, which is produced in granular form and sometimes produced in micro-grain.
4, talc
The talc in the ore is mainly the product of deep alteration of serpentine. The talc is mainly symbiotic with magnetite and pyrite. The particle size is generally 0.3-0.01mm, which is unevenly embedded. The talc is dense, blade-like, radial, Scales and fiber aggregates are produced. Because of the low hardness of talc, most of them are easily muddy into the slime during the grinding process, and a small part is in the form of granular and fibrous after being broken.
(4) Analysis of chemical composition of raw ore
The chemical composition analysis results of the ore are shown in Table 2.
Table 2 Results of multi-element analysis of ore chemistry (%)
Third, the beneficiation test
In 1991, Changsha Nonferrous Metallurgy Design and Research Institute conducted a pilot study on the ore sample taken from the upper ore body of Shangfanggou Mine. The sample contained 13.54% iron and 12.7% talc. The experiment used a single flotation process in the grinding. The coarse selection is carried out under the condition of fineness of 80%-0.074mm, and the coarse concentrate is re-grinded. By improving the structure of the process, a scheme of effectively suppressing talc by three kinds of medicines is selected, and a good selection index is obtained. The results of the closed circuit test are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 Closed-circuit test results (%)
In 2003, the Zhengzhou Institute of Minerals Comprehensive Utilization used a new process of pre-weak magnetic separation, spiral chute re-election and de-mud-molybdenum flotation on the basis of small-scale experiments. The original ore has a molybdenum grade of 0.17% and a talc content of about 11.5%. A semi-industrial test was carried out with a test scale of 7.5t/d. The Tfe grade of the product iron concentrate was 67.54%, and the recovery rate was 76.82%. After re-election and de-mudging, the molybdenum grade of the molybdenum coarse concentrate was 1.64%, and the recovery rate was 82.29%. The concentrate molybdenum flotation (small test) molybdenum concentrate grade 45.53%, the operation recovery rate is 97.5%, the total recovery rate is 80.27%. The results of the semi-industrial test are shown in Table 4, and the test flow is shown in Figure 1.
Table 4 Semi-industrial test results % 
Fourth, comprehensive analysis of the test
(1) Influence of mud removal on flotation index
The ore dressing test conducted by Changsha Nonferrous Metallurgy Design and Research Institute has a talc content of 12.7%. However, since the purpose of the test is mainly to guide the on-site commissioning, and the conditions of the production site are limited, it is difficult to carry out the mud removal operation. Molybdenum molybdenum solution, and carry out detailed research work around this principle process, the test obtained the ideal index of 48.4% molybdenum concentrate grade and recovery rate of 83.86%. In the subsequent production commissioning, although the adjustment process structure was adopted, seeking Measures such as the best ratio of mixed drugs, but due to the fluctuation of ore properties, the lack of mud and the difficulty of floating talc, the talc continues to circulate in the process, which deteriorates the flotation conditions. There is a relationship between the commissioning results and the test indicators. a certain distance. It is indicated that for the ore with high talc content, it is difficult to obtain a good selection index by adopting a single magnesium-magnesium molybdenum process.
The semi-industrial experimental study conducted by the Zhengzhou Institute of Minerals Comprehensive Utilization concluded that the talc-type molybdenum ore must be partially removed from the talc before the molybdenum can be selected to obtain a good technical and economic index, and the re-election + hydrocyclone is used in the test. Combined with the process of de-sludge, the 9.88% of the ore in the ore is removed and the molybdenum operation is carried out.
The results of semi-industrial tests show that in order to reduce the influence of talc on molybdenum flotation as much as possible, the use of talc is easy to crush and muddy, and effective removal before molybdenum is an effective way to solve this type of ore sorting. one.
(2) Choosing high-efficiency magnesium oxide inhibitors
Due to the high content of silicate minerals such as serpentine, chlorite, talc and forsterite in the ore, these minerals tend to be muddy and adhere to the surface of the bubble of the target mineral during the grinding process, resulting in sticky foam and poor selectivity. Deterioration of the flotation environment, resulting in an increase in the amount of flotation agent and an excessively high content of magnesium oxide in the concentrate. Therefore, regardless of whether or not the mud is removed, the test has sought to find high-efficiency magnesium oxide inhibitors as an important research direction.
Changsha Institute used CF-3, CF-4 and CF-5 in combination in the test, which proved that it can inhibit talc well, and studied the sorting effect under various dosage ratios.
Based on the original KL series talc inhibitors in Zhengzhou, a new talc inhibitor was developed. The results of semi-industrial tests show that the new agent inhibits the altered minerals such as talc and inhibits the target mineral molybdenite. The effect is weaker and has better selective inhibition.
V. Formulation of the mineral processing technology plan
In view of the characteristics of talc, serpentine, chlorite, forsterite and other gangue minerals in the ore, the minerality of the useful minerals is fine and uneven, and the ore is difficult to select, the research process and test results are fully analyzed. On the basis of the project, combined with the production experience and commissioning experience of the small-scale plant selection, the principle process flow of “rough grinding-magnetic selection-magnetic separation tailings deliming-molybdenum rough selection-fine grinding-molybdenum selection†was formulated. Table 5, the design process flow is shown in Figure 2.
Table 5 Dressing design indicators %
(1) Choosing a suitable de-sludge process
Desliming is the key operation before flotation. The effect directly affects the selection index, which not only removes most of the slime before flotation, but also optimizes the flotation conditions, reduces the dosage of the agent, and minimizes the molybdenum in the mine. The loss rate in the mud guarantees the molybdenum recovery rate index.
Zhengzhou adopts spiral chute + linear sieve + thick mud bucket + hydrocyclone combined with de-sludge process, but due to the complicated de-sludge process, if it is applied in production, on the one hand, it will increase due to the large number of equipment and large floor space. On the other hand, due to the long sludge removal process, it is difficult to achieve stable operation in production, and the mud removal effect is difficult to guarantee.
The 3000t/d plant adopts the three-stage de-sludge process of the two-stage hydrocyclone and concentrator by magnetic separation tailings, removes 15~20μm slime, and the cyclone and concentrator underflow enters the molybdenum flotation operation. It has the characteristics of stable operation and easy adjustment control. In the production process, the amount of slurry entering the flotation operation can be adjusted according to the molybdenum grade of the bottom stream of the concentrator, so the process has a strong adaptability to the nature of the ore.
(2) Selecting iron after selecting iron first
According to the nature of the ore, magnetite is mainly symbiotic with talc and quartz, and has no close relationship with molybdenite. The semi-industrial test report submitted by Zhengzhou shows that when the fineness of grinding is -0.074mm67.5%, the output of weak magnetic separation The molybdenum grade of iron coarse concentrate is 0.017%, and the molybdenum recovery rate is 1.97%, which indicates that the loss rate of molybdenum in iron coarse concentrate is very low. The effect of advanced iron on the recovery rate of molybdenum is not great, and the iron selected first is coarse. The concentrate will take away some of the talc, and the iron concentrate will be re-grinded to directly produce iron concentrate and tailing, reducing the amount of ore entering the next desliming and flotation operation, thereby reducing production costs. Iron can also be used for pre-plant water reuse in production water without the addition of mineral processing chemicals. Therefore, it is appropriate to select a process in which molybdenum is selected first.
(3) Selecting the combination of flotation column and flotation machine to ensure the selection index
The flotation column has the characteristics of simple structure, high efficiency and energy saving, and remarkable effect of fine particle flotation. The application of flotation column can realize large-scale equipment, reduce floor space and save investment in engineering construction. Selecting the combination of flotation column and flotation machine can give full play to their respective advantages. The flotation column has a significant effect on improving the concentrate grade and the selected recovery rate, while the flotation machine performs the rough selection and sweeping operation, and the large particle The purpose of mineral or continuum recovery, so that the comprehensive recovery rate of the system is guaranteed. At the same time, by improving the internal structure of the flotation column and the amount of spray water, the magnesium oxide content in the concentrate can be further reduced.
Conclusion
(1) The Shangfanggou mining area is mainly composed of molybdenum, accompanied by iron, sulfur and antimony, which can be used for comprehensive utilization of the extra-large porphyry (fine vein impregnated type) molybdenum (iron) deposit. The useful minerals in the molybdenum ore are mainly : molybdenum ore, magnetite, pyrite, molybdenum scheelite, scheelite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, sphalerite, molybdenum travertine, molybdenum, tungsten, etc.; There are: dolomite, diopside, quartz, mica, serpentine, chlorite, talc, actinolite, tremolite, calcite, feldspar, epidote, oblique attapulgite, forsterite and so on.
(2) Due to the high content of talc in the ore, the average is 6% to 15%, and it is unevenly embedded. In addition, the grain size of the molybdenum ore is fine, and the encapsulation phenomenon is widespread. There are many other mudstone minerals in the ore that are easily muddy. The talc has a strong interference with molybdenum flotation, so it is difficult to select ore.
(3) According to the ore properties and experimental research results, it is determined that under the condition of grinding fineness -0.074mm72%, coarse grinding-magnetic separation-magnetic separation tailings deliming-molybdenum rough selection-fine grinding-coarse selection In principle, the process can obtain better selection indicators, and can significantly reduce production costs and improve the economic benefits of enterprises.
(IV) The process proposed in this paper has certain reference for the beneficiation of other types of non-ferrous metals with the same type of molybdenum or talc (MgO). 
I. Introduction
Mineral name
Molybdenite
talc
magnetite
Pyrite
quartz
Yang Shishi
Tremolite
Mica
Serpentine
Chlorite
Dolomite calcite
Hematite limonite
content
0.37
11.53
12.0
3.0
13.0
21.0
10.0
11.5
7.5
1.0
Component
Mo
Fe
S
Cu
Pb
Zn
content
0.17
10.73
1.47
0.30
0.032
0.25
Component
SiO 2
MgO
CaO
P
Al 2 O 3
As
content
46.06
16.70
8.87
0.053
4.12
0.029
product name
Yield
grade
Recovery rate
Mo
MgO
Mo
MgO
Molybdenum concentrate
Tailings tailings 1
Tailings 2
total
Raw ore
0.60
97.08
2.32
99.40
100.0
48.47
0.045
0.53
0.056
0.347
3.56
12.876
23.68
13.128
13.07
83.86
12.60
3.54
16.14
100.0
0.16
95.64
4.20
99.84
100.0
product name
Yield
grade
Recovery rate
Mo
TFe
Mo
TFe
Molybdenum concentrate
Iron concentrate
Tailings
Raw ore
0.30
12.20
87.50
100.0
45.53
0.027
0.035
0.17
1.77
67.54
2.24
10.73
80.27
1.97
17.76
100.0
4.95
76.82
18.23
100.0
Figure 1 Semi-industrial test process
product name
Yield
grade
Recovery rate
Mo
TFe
Mo
TFe
Molybdenum concentrate
Iron concentrate
Tailings
Raw ore
0.417
12.22
87.363
100.0
45.00
0.02
0.048
0.25
1.80
63.0
2.57
10.7
75.0
8.20
16.80
100.0
7.01
72.0
20.99
100.0