Amazon was just an online retailer and a major provider of online web hosting for the company just four years ago. It also sells its own line of consumer electronics products, including the Kindle e-reader, which was a bold attempt at the time. . Today, with the ubiquitous Amazon Echo smart speaker and its Alexa speech recognition engine, Amazon has inspired the biggest shift in personal computers and communications since Steve Jobs launched its Apple phone. At first all of this seems to be very novel. In November 2014, Amazon first launched the Echo Smart Speaker, a high-tech wizard that uses artificial intelligence to receive human inquiries. It can scan millions of words in an Internet database and provide a variety of answers. At present, after Amazon sold about 47 million Echo devices in total, Echo also serves consumers in 80 countries, handling an average of 130 million problems per day. Alexa is named after the ancient Egyptian library Alexandria, which can accept music requests, provide weather forecast and sports score information, and remotely adjust the user's thermostat. It can also tell jokes: answer trivial questions, even some naive little tricks. Speech recognition technology was not invented by Amazon, which has existed for decades. Amazon is not the first technology giant to offer mainstream voice applications. As early as Alexa, Apple's Siri Smart Voice Assistant and Google Assistant Google Voice Assistant have already appeared. At the same time that Amazon launched Alexa, Microsoft also launched Cortana (Microsoft Xiaona) artificial intelligence assistant. But with the widespread success of Echo smart speakers, Amazon has spurred a fierce competition in the “smart†home device market, a competition that can make speech recognition products like PCs or smartphones play a very important role for humans. Just as Google's search algorithm revolutionized information consumption and subverted the advertising industry, artificial intelligence-driven speech computing made similar transformations possible. Rohit Prasad, Amazon's chief scientist at Alexa, said, "The most natural way we want to eliminate friction with our customers is through sound. It's not just a search engine that provides a bunch of results, it will also tell you the answer." The powerful combination of artificial intelligence and a new voice-driven user experience has made this war more than just grabbing the competition for the hottest toys during Christmas. Google, Apple, Facebook, Microsoft, and other companies are all investing in competing products. In fact, Gene Munster of investment firm Loup Ventures estimates that tech giants will spend 10% of their annual R&D budget on speech recognition, totaling more than $5 billion. He said that the emergence of voice technology is a "great change" in computer operations, and predicts that voice commands are quickly becoming "the most common way we interact with the Internet, not through keyboards or mobile screens." It is not surprising that the stakes are so high and the competition is fierce. According to research firm Canalys, Amazon first entered the market and took the lead, accounting for 42% of the global connected speaker market. Google is also in no way inferior. The family device series, which is similar in appearance to Echo and supported by Google Assistant, has a 34% share, and Google has recently surpassed Amazon. Apple's HomePod smart speaker is third because it is expensive and finally enters the market. Facebook also launched a series of Portal audio and video devices in October to complete some of the voice recognition tasks of major competitors, especially Alexa. The market for connected speakers and similar devices is currently large and growing - but for technology giants, this is not necessarily the most dramatic growth opportunity. Research firm Global Market Insights has set global smart speaker sales to $4.5 billion in 2017 and is expected to grow to $30 billion by 2024. However, hardware revenue is not counted. For example, Amazon's pricing standard for Echo smart speakers is breakeven or even lower prices. Amazon's simple version of the smart speaker Echo Dot was sold for $29 during last holiday, and ABI Research believes that this price is lower than the cost of the equipment components. Instead, each major player has adopted a strategy of targeting customers to a greater extent on other goods and services. For example, Amazon uses the Echo series to increase the value of its Prime membership subscription service. Google hopes that voice search will enrich the already large database and ultimately support its advertising business. Apple uses Siri to connect mobile phones, computers, and TV controllers, and even bundles car manufacturers with in-vehicle system software. As with all investments and fast-growing innovations, it is too early to predict who will win. But it is safe to say that the industry has collaborated around the idea that voice technology that relies on artificial intelligence will be the future user interface. It will surely be a technology that will have a profound impact on the lives of ordinary people. Nick Fox, vice president of product design for Google’s intelligent assistants, said, “You can do all sorts of things through voice, and people with poor literacy can operate the system. The person driving can also operate the system. People can find recipes through the system while cooking. Every once in a while, there is a structural shift in technology, and we believe that speech technology is one of the transformations. †Still, speech recognition is still in its infancy. Compared with the expectations of researchers, the application of speech technology is still in the stage of meeting basic needs, and there is a lot of room for improvement. Concerns about technology companies eavesdropping on customer information and how to use the collected user data legally remain. “Using artificial intelligence to recognize speech, we have entered the era of jet aircraft from the biplane era,†said Mari Ostendorf, a professor of electrical engineering at the University of Washington and one of the world's top scientists in language technology. The computer is already good at answering straightforward questions, but in actual conversation. There are still gaps in the aspect. “Artificial intelligence technology is already impressive in terms of speech recognition words and understanding commands. But we have not yet entered the Rocket era.†For decades, speech recognition has become the next killer app. In the 1950s, Bell Labs created an artificial intelligence system called Audrey that can recognize numbers from 1 to 9 in speech. In the 1990s, PC users installed Dragon NaturallySpeaking speech recognition software that already handled simple speech recognition without the need for the speaker to pause after each word. But until Apple released Siri on Apple phones in 2010, consumers realized what the speech recognition engine associated with large-scale computing power could achieve. At about the same time, Amazon, under the leadership of CEO Jeff Bezos, a true Star Trek fanatic - began to dream of copying the Starboard Advance on a computer that can talk to people. He has published more than 100 AI dialogue articles, and Amazon's current employee Prasad said, “The future we envision is that you can interact with any service through voice.†Alexa achieved this and made consumers communicate with Amazon more. For the sake of simplicity. Advances in speech recognition technology, along with advances in computing power, that is, computing power is faster, cheaper, more common, and therefore more mainstream - Amazon, Google, Apple and other companies can more easily build a seamless network, through voice Smart home devices are connected to other systems. For example, Apple CarPlay car users can use Siri to play the latest episode of "Power Game" on Apple TV as "next" and command the HomePod smart speaker to play after the user arrives home. Two years ago, Google released a voice-enabled home smart home device that linked music products to YouTube with the latest Pixel phones and tablets. In other words, every tech giant sees voice technology as a stepping stone to creating more digital products. The tech giants are each profitable, so they can provide sufficient funds for research and marketing to achieve more new products. For example, Apple and Google have two major mobile operating systems, iOS and Android, respectively. This means that Siri and Google Assistant can be pre-installed on almost all new phones. In contrast, Amazon requires consumers to install the Alexa app on their phone before they can open it on their Apple or Android device. "This extra step makes Amazon at a distinct disadvantage," said Munster, a former Wall Street computer analyst and current Loup company. By contrast, activation of Siri and Google Assistants simply means to name them. †In other words, iOS and Android are open to all third-party developers, and Amazon is one of the third-party developers. This means that all developers can write Alexa programs on both platforms. In a earnings report released earlier this year, Bezos said that "tens of thousands of developers in more than 150 countries" are building Alexa applications and integrating them into non-Amazon devices. In fact, collaboration is the key to voice applications. Amazon has built Alexa into Sonos's "Echo Wall", Jabra's headphones, and BMW, Ford and Toyota. Google has strengthened its cooperation with audio equipment manufacturers Sony and Bang & Olufsen, and has teamed up with the intelligent system August Smart Lock and Philips LED lighting system. Apple allows its HomePod smart speakers to work with First Alert security systems and Honeywell smart thermostats. Google’s Fox said, “The advantage of these collaborations is that we can connect voice to the entire smart appliance ecosystem. I don’t need to open the phone to find the app and say it directly to the device, 'Tell me who is in front of me’, The image of the camera will pop up. Because it is unified, it is simple." For a long time, artificial intelligence has always been the main content of dystopian popular culture, especially the films represented by “Terminator†and “Matrixâ€. The rise of evil and intelligent robots poses a threat to human beings. Fortunately, this is not our reality. But with the advancement of artificial intelligence and the reduction in computing costs, such an impressive and futuristic application has become a reality. Speech recognition programs can be connected to the data center via the Internet. These complex mathematical models are large amounts of data that have been compiled by the company for years and identified by identifying different speech patterns. Speech recognition programs can identify vocabulary, regional accent, spoken language, and context by analyzing the records of call center personnel talking to customers or by interacting with digital assistants. Speech recognition systems also rely on physics and computer science. The voice vibrates in the air, and the speech engine treats it as an analog sound wave and then converts it to a digital format. The computer can then analyze the meaning of the digital data. Artificial intelligence first enhances the process by detecting the "awake words" (such as "Alexa") chosen by the customer to determine if the sound is pointing to its system. They then made highly accurate guesses about the problems they received from the models accumulated by millions of other customers. “The speech recognition system first recognizes the sound and then interprets it through context,†explains Johan Schalkwyk, vice president of Google Assistant Programs. "For example, I said, 'How is the weather?', artificial intelligence will know that the next word will be a country or a city. There are 5 million English words in our database, without context. It's very difficult to identify one of the 5 million words, but if artificial intelligence knows that you are asking a city and then becomes a task that is retrieved in 30,000 English words, the accuracy is higher." Computational power gives the system a variety of learning opportunities. In order to let Alexa turn on the microwave oven, this is a real example - the speech engine first needs to understand the command, which means it has the ability to learn to crack a variety of accents, such as a strong southern accent, children's treble, non-native speakers Pronunciation, etc., can also filter background noise, such as the lyrics played on the radio. Then, the speech engine must also understand the various ways people might ask to use a microwave oven: "heat my food," "open my microwave," and "heat the food for two minutes." Alexa and other voice assistants will be similar commands in the database. Matching, "learning" "heating my food" is a way that a particular user might ask in the future. Part of the reason that speech recognition technology can develop rapidly is because it is very well versed in how to translate human commands into action. Google's Schalkwyk said that their company's speech engine now has a response rate of 95%, almost the same as human hearing accuracy, and in 2013 this response rate was only 80%. One of the biggest recent achievements in this field is to filter out background noise, which is also a problem for the most sensitive human ears. However, the system can only reach this level when answering simple questions such as "When is the spy in the disc?" And if you ask Google Assistant or Alexa for an opinion or try to talk, the device is likely to give a
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