Tungsten carbide roller has characteristics of good wear resistance, high temperature red hardness, thermal fatigue resistance and thermal conductivity and high strength , have been widely used in high-speed wire rod, bar, rebar, seamless steel tubes, etc. Domestic production of tungsten carbide roller materials mostly WC- Co, WC- Co- Ni- Cr two series, and the content of Co, Co- Ni - Cr is in the range of 6wt% ~ 30wt%. From the use of perspective, tungsten carbide rollers has good mechanical properties, its flexural strength up to 2200 MPa or more, shock toughness up (4 ~ 6) × 10^6 J/ m^2, Rockwell hardness (HRA) is up to 78 to 90, widely in the high-speed wire rod rolling process, which is much higher than single-slot chilled cast steel or high speed steel rolls.Tungsten carbide is made of Tungsten Carbide Powder and binder phase (such as drilling, nickel, etc.), and then pressing and sintering, regardless of the conditions under cold rolled or hot rolled has excellent wear resistance, tungsten carbide rollers has been widely used in pre-finishing mill and finishing of high-speed wire rod currently. On the performance of tungsten carbide roller in hot-rolling wire rod , the material must meet the following requirements:
Tungsten carbide roller material design
Tungsten carbide roller category
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Recently, experts including Wang Pushan from the SFDA Information Center, Professor Liao Qingjiang from the China Pharmaceutical University, and Deputy Director Tao Jianhong from the SFDA Institute of Southern Medicine and Economics, and professionals from more than 70 domestic pharmaceutical intermediate industries participated in the seminar.
Expert View 1: As the market became stronger, experts disclosed an encouraging group of data: From January to December 2005, the total output value of China's chemical raw material pharmaceutical industry reached 116.727 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 33.51%; the profit amounted to 6.78 billion yuan. , an increase of 27.5% year-on-year; especially export value reached US$7.903 billion, an increase of 27.55% over the same period of the previous year.
From these economic indicators, the pharmaceutical industry still maintains a significant growth. Experts believe that the prospects of the pharmaceutical market are promising and will certainly promote the strengthening of upstream pharmaceutical intermediates.
Under normal circumstances, most of the intermediates needed for pharmaceutical production were originally produced by pharmaceutical companies. However, in recent years, with the deepening of the social division of labor and the advancement of production technology, the production of some pharmaceutical intermediates has been gradually separated from the production of pharmaceutical companies and transferred to the production of chemical companies. From an international perspective, pharmaceutical intermediates have become a major industry in the international chemical industry.
In China, pharmaceutical intermediate manufacturing companies are mostly private companies, and the scale of investment is small, basically between millions to 12 million yuan. As the profits of pharmaceutical intermediates are higher than those of general chemical products, the production process is basically the same, so more and more small chemical companies have joined the ranks of pharmaceutical intermediates; the profit rate of intermediate production is lower than that of raw materials. The production process of APIs and intermediates is similar. Therefore, some companies not only produce intermediates, but also begin to extend to APIs.
After more than 30 years of development, the chemical raw materials and intermediates required for pharmaceutical production in China can basically be matched, only a small part needs to be imported, and due to the abundant resources in our country and the low prices of raw materials, many intermediates have achieved large amounts of exports.
Relative to APIs and preparations, the export of pharmaceutical intermediates is much less restricted by the importing countries, and in recent years, many large US and European pharmaceutical companies have considered their pharmaceutical intermediates from the perspective of saving production costs and environmental protection requirements. The production is gradually being transferred to developing countries, or more reliable pharmaceutical intermediates are imported from developing countries. This has brought excellent business opportunities to pharmaceutical intermediate manufacturers in China. Experts believe that due to years of accumulated technical advantages and huge demand for the future pharmaceutical market, China's pharmaceutical intermediate industry has great potential for development.
However, it is worth noting that, as the country attaches greater importance to environmental protection, environmental protection costs will be a problem that cannot be ignored for the intermediate production industry.
Expert opinion 2: Choosing the most advantageous varieties In China's pharmaceutical intermediate product chain, the intermediate products of the intermediate and upstream basic raw material medicines have occupied a dominant position in the entire chain due to their wider application fields, and have therefore achieved relatively rapid development. The market is highly regarded.
However, China's exports of pharmaceutical intermediates have also been pressured from other countries, especially India. India's rapid rise in the pharmaceutical industry has now formed a competitive and symbiotic relationship with China. Facts have proved that in the major export regions of pharmaceutical intermediates in China, the EU, North America, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia, the impact from India can not be overlooked.
Therefore, China's pharmaceutical intermediates industry must adjust its export strategy. Experts believe that choosing a competitive intermediate variety will be an effective breakthrough.
In terms of specific varieties, commodities such as sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and metasynthetic anesthetics are species that have gone out earlier in China. With the passage of time, the pharmaceutical intermediates in our country have developed rapidly, and we can see our advantages from the current major production and sales share of some varieties. For example, VC, penicillin, acetamidophenol, acetaminophen, citric acid, etc. accounted for more than 60% of the global share, amoxicillin, ceftriaxone,
Ibuprofen, aspirin, etc. are all influential product types in the world.
In terms of product classification, anti-infective drugs, vitamins, antipyretic analgesics, amino acids, etc. are China's export-oriented APIs, which account for more than 90% of all APIs' exports, and the corresponding domestic demand for intermediates is also relatively large.
Experts also reminded relevant pharmaceutical intermediate manufacturers: As the situation changes, the research and production of pharmaceutical intermediates must also be adjusted. Experts believe that changes in the disease spectrum will create new areas in the pharmaceutical market, and the corresponding pharmaceutical intermediates will also change, thus bringing new opportunities. At the seminar, experts speculated that the diseases with the highest incidence in 2010 were mental illness, menopause, erectile dysfunction, obesity, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, cancer, chronic sinusitis, migraine, diabetes, and senile diseases. Fatal infections, etc., this will surely usher in an increase in the demand for related drug intermediates.
Expert opinion 3: The export structure should be upgraded Experts also pointed out that although China's pharmaceutical intermediates industry is facing a strong trend, but we must also see that in the pharmaceutical industry's pyramid-shaped value arrangement, the profits of pharmaceutical intermediates are at the bottom of the tower. Even lower than bulk APIs.
In fact, China’s pharmaceutical intermediate industry itself also has “shortcomings†such as low value-added products, lack of proprietary intellectual property products, poor establishment of export channels, insufficient information support, and inadequate use of information resources. On the other hand, the international market competitiveness has been threatened by the external factors such as the increase in prices of hydropower coal and chemical raw materials, the increase in environmental protection costs, and the reduction in the export tax rebate rate for some pharmaceutical products.
Experts pointed out that domestic pharmaceutical intermediate manufacturing companies lack experience in grasping the international market, and lack systematic research on the trading country (regional) pharmaceutical market, policies, and trade rules. As a result, the overall quality of intermediate exports is not high. Therefore, experts have suggested that the export structure of domestic intermediates must be changed, and that the industry itself and the production software must be strengthened urgently, and efforts must be made to build a number of companies and products that have certifications such as cGMP, FDA, E/DMF, and COS.
Expert opinion 4: Accelerate the formation of core competitiveness Experts pointed out that even for companies with relatively good profits, how to form core competitiveness, establish their own brands, and enhance technological digestion and innovation should also be considered. In the long run, the domestic pharmaceutical intermediates industry must develop in this direction and accelerate the formation of its core competitiveness.
At present, most domestic companies have lost interest in “Big Road†and both believe that even if the market improves, the profit level will not be too high. Therefore, all kinds of so-called characteristic raw material medicines will be highly sought after, and companies will not hesitate to invest heavily in investment. Conversion. However, it is worth rethinking that the demand for specialty APIs is relatively limited. Once the market supply surges and the prices fluctuate greatly, the operational risk borne by the intermediate production companies will be enormous. Therefore, what companies need to do is not to follow the blind pursuit of short-term interests, but to seek to maintain the core competitiveness of corporate profits “evergreenâ€.
However, although the main force in the production and export of domestic intermediates is large-scale state-owned enterprises, private and foreign-funded enterprises have also experienced rapid growth in recent years. However, as a whole, most intermediate production enterprises are small and medium-sized enterprises, their strength is limited, and the industry is highly competitive. But in an unordered state.
The reporter was informed at the meeting that at present, some foreign pharmaceutical intermediate manufacturing companies have been actively implementing the development plan for entering China. Despite the different product positioning, it is believed that this will add even more pressure to domestic large and small pharmaceutical intermediate companies. It's time to think about how to practice the bones.
1. Sufficient anti-fracture strength;
2. Good abrasion resistance;
3. The smooth surface finish;
4. Excellent corrosion resistance, thermal fatigue, thermal cracking performance.
Tungsten carbide roller rings can working in bad conditions , small profile rolling (especially rebar rolling) process conditions is harsher than the high-speed wire rod, and therefore corresponds to the profile rolling ,tungsten carbide rollers recommend using high binder phase carbide.
Pre-finishing all vehicles roller should ensure its high toughness, strength, rigidity and thermal conductivity, followed before considering its wear resistance. When designing each vehicles roller, pre-finishing materials should choose carbide grades of Co, Co- Ni- Cr binder content is high (greater than or equal to 25wt%) , requiring an average WC grain size of coarse (5μm ~ 6μm), to obtain a higher shock toughness, proper strength and hardness. For the finishing of the roller movements, particularly the last two rollers of the finish rolling, which suffered load is small, and high relative velocity of the material to be pressed (80 m / min ~ 120 m / min). In this case, the wear resistance of the roller to be the most important requirements, and must ensure the strength , timpact toughness and hardness of a reasonable match, so the binder of Co / Ni content ratio and the average grain WC control of particle size and other factors must have greater control in front of different pre-finishing rolling roll.
According to the structure of tungsten carbide rollers, it can be divided into solid tungsten carbide roller and composite tungsten carbide roller. Solid tungsten carbide rollers have been widely used in pre-finishing and finishing stands high speed wire rod mill (including fixed reducing the rack, pinch roller rack). Composite tungsten carbide roller is made of cemented carbide and other materials, and it can be divided into tungsten carbide composite roll rings and solid tungsten carbide Composite Roller. Tungsten carbide composite roll rings mounted on the roller shaft; solid tungsten carbide composite roller will be directly cast in the roll axis to form a whole, a large load is applied to the rolling mill.
Tungsten carbide rollers produced by powder metallurgy method, the key to its process control is the chemical composition of the material and the mixture was prepared, pressed molding, sintering and deep processing and other preparation process parameters.
1. Preparation of starting material (WC focus quality): As the WC raw material and quality control of the use of different levels of quality may fluctuate, resulting in adverse effects on microstructure.
2. Preparation of the mixture: Mixture preparation is the key to the production process of the roller, the roller of failure modes - trachoma, mainly generated by this procedure.
3. Pressing: roller pressing is an important process of the roller mill.
4. Sintering: roller sintering is to determine the final quality of the roller production processes, use of advanced low-pressure sintering technology, HIP sintering technology can greatly improve the performance of roller.
5. Deep processing: deep processing rollers have a greater impact on the quality and accuracy of the roller surface.
“The prospects for the development of pharmaceutical intermediates in China are still promising.†This is the information that the reporter learned from the experts at the second seminar on pharmaceutical intermediates R&D progress and market prospects held in 2006.